文獻來源: 龔世平, 符有利, 汪繼超, 史海濤, 徐汝梅. 2005. 海南淡水龜類貿易現狀與管理建議. 生物多樣性13(3): 239-247 [全文下載] (Gong SP, Fu YL, Wang JC, Shi HT, Xu RM. 2005. Freshwater Turtle Trade in Hainan and Suggestions for Effective Management. Biodiversity Research 13(3): 239-247.)摘要
對海南野生淡水龜類貿易進行了調查。調查發現海南所有市縣都存在野生龜類貿易，有野生龜類貿易的農貿市場22個，占調查農貿市場總數的19.6%；有野生龜類貿易的鄉鎮64個，占調查鄉鎮總數的65.3%；野生龜類收購點103個，野生淡水龜共489只。野生龜貿易所涉及的淡水龜類共10種，占海南淡水龜分佈總種數的90%以上，其中3種是國家二級重點保護動物，6種是列入《瀕危野生動植物種國際貿易公約》附錄Ⅱ的物種。按照《中國瀕危動物紅皮書（兩栖類和爬行類）》，1種為極危物種，8種為瀕危物種，1種為易危物種。在個體數量方面，以鋸緣攝龜(Pyxidea mouhotii)、黃額盒龜(Cuora galbinifrons)、四眼斑水龜(Sacalia quadriocellata)和中華花龜(Ocadia sinensis)較多，平胸龜(Platysternon megacephalum)、地龜(Geoemyda spengleri)、中華鱉(Pelodiscus sinensis)較少，三線閉殼龜(Cuora trifasciata)、黃喉擬水龜(Mauremys mutica)和山瑞鱉(Palea steindachneri)極其稀少。龜類市場價格差異很大，從2002年到2004年，各種龜的價格都有不同幅度的上漲。分析表明：淡水龜類非法捕獵與貿易在海南普遍存在，過度捕獵對海南淡水龜類構成了嚴重威脅，而野生龜貿易則是導致過度捕獵的主要原因。本文在分析和探討海南野生淡水龜類貿易的現狀、原因及危害的基礎上，針對當前保護管理中存在的問題，提出了相應的保護管理建議。
Abstract
A survey of the freshwater turtle trade in Hainan was conducted during 2002-2004. The results show that trade in wild turtles occurs in all cities and counties of Hainan. A total of 22 markets selling turtles were found, accounting for 19.6% of the total markets investigated and trade in wild turtles was found to exist in 64 towns, accounting for 65.3% of the total towns investigated. A total of 103 wild turtle purchasing stations were discovered, comprising 489 wild individuals and 10 local species (more than 90% of Hainan's freshwater turtle species). Of the 10 turtle species, 3 are designated as grade II key state-protected species and 6 listed on Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). According to the China Red Data Book of Endangered Animals: Amphibia and Reptilia, 1 is critically endangered, 8 endangered and I vulnerable in China. According to the number of individuals found in this survey, Pyxidea mouhotii, Cuora galbinifrons, Sacalia quadriocellata, Ocadia sinensis are relatively abundant; Platysternon megacephalum, Geoemyda spengleri, Pelodiscus sinensis are rare; Cuora trifasciata, Mauremys mutica, and Palea steindachneri are critically rare. The market prices of these turtle species vary widely, ranging from RMB80-120 per kilogram in S. quadriocellata to RMB 18000-36000 per kilogram in C. trifasciata. From 2002 to 2004, the prices have risen to a varying degree. This study shows that the wild turtle trade is widespread in Hainan. The demand of the trade has led to over-collecting, which is the largest threat to the freshwater turtles of Hainan. Here the status, reasons, and negative impacts of wild turtle trade are discussed and possible suggestions for effective management and conservation are presented.
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